The aim of this project is to establish the theoretical feasibility of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) reflectometry in detecting objects of interest at sea, and defining performance characteristics associated with this technology.

In the 2010s, Global Space Governance (GSG) became an urgent issue with the growing commercialisation of outer space. Given the technical and operational complexities surrounding such enterprise, rather than adopting the traditional model of treaty making, new thinking was required to address the challenges and opportunities created by this commercialisation. In 2014, the Montreal Declaration on Global Space Governance created a Working Group to make recommendations on the peaceful and sustainable use of outer space. In 2017, the recommendations were published by the Institute and Centre of Air and Space Law at McGill University. This international study identified safety and technical gaps in the existing governance regime.

While the McGill study identifies gaps in existing space governance, it does not provide specific recommendations on how different types of technology should be regulated by the space sector. One of these technologies is Artificial Intelligence (AI). The use of AI in the space sector is both a challenge and an opportunity. Challenges include protecting the rights of all stakeholders in the harvesting of data sourced from outer space operations. Opportunities include the ability to provide control systems that enhance traffic safety in outer space.

There is therefore a need to extend existing GSGs to AI applications.

This project aims to create a field-validated AI governance framework for the Australian space sector.

Neumann Space is developing an electric propulsion system that uses plasma from a solid conductive cathode as the propellant source.

Efficient propellant utilisation requires efficient cathode erosion, where the cathode spots erode the cathode working face to produce an azimuthally smooth pattern, while keeping the working face as close to perpendicular to the thrust vector as possible.

This project shall determine the cathode spot motion, and associated erosion pattern, of the arc discharge across a range of parameters, which shall help to inform future design choices.

To allow high-resolution image capture of fast-moving objects from an orbiting camera, this project seeks to integrate a wide-field-of-view (wide-fov) conventional optical imaging sensor with a telescopic camera. Data from the wide-fov conventional optical imaging camera can be used to trigger the telescopic camera to get high resolution images of the target objects, even when there is some uncertainty around where exactly the fast-moving object will be at a given time. The process also helps reduce the bandwidth requirements for space-based sensors.

Fast-moving objects of interest include hypersonic systems, including weapons systems, as well as orbiting systems. This has applications for defence, SDA and in-orbit inspection domains.

The project will seek to develop a prototype hardware system as well as a preliminary concept-of-operations to enable the camera to perform as required.

This project shall investigate the user needs, technical options for, and technical feasibility of infrastructure for hosting Distributed FlatSats (DFS).

The DFS Infrastructure, to be prototyped in a follow-on project, would be a distributed simulation testbed for satellite equipment and software making use of internet connections between various items of user hardware and software. The DFS infrastructure design would be optimised for space start-ups and developers of small spacecraft in general, and it would be capable of supporting developmental testing of multiple different satellite mission
concepts.

This is the first of a series of collaborative Aurora Programs we plan to run, supported by funding from SmartSat CRC and its partners.

Aiming to de-risk satellite-payload bus integration and test, the Aurora Space Cluster called for Expressions of Interest in 2021 to develop requirements for the new Aurora Distributed FlatSat, to be hosted at SmartSat CRC member ACSER @ UNSW Sydney.

ACSER @ UNSW Sydney produced a Distributed FlatSat Survey Infographic that briefly summarises the EOI’s as well as useful technical insights of end-users.

Distributed FlatSat Survey Infographic

Develop a proof of concept Evil Digital Twin framework for satellite related cyber security testing projects, with supporting use cases, suited for deployment on an experimental test bed.