• Journal Article
P1.18

Angle-of-arrival Variability of Retroreflected Lasers Despite Atmospheric Reciprocity

S. Walsh; A. Frost; L. Howard; D. Gozzard; S. Karpathakis; B. Dix-Matthews; C. Gravestock; A. McCann; S. Schediwy

04/04/2022

Corner cube retroreflectors are commonly used as cooperative targets in free-space laser applications. The previous literature suggests that due to path reciprocity, a retroreflected beam is self-corrected across a turbulent atmosphere and should show no angle-of-arrival variability in the near field. This is at odds with recent experiments that rely on angle-of-arrival measurements in retroreflected beams for effective tip/tilt correction. In this Letter we investigate the mechanism behind observed angle-of-arrival variability using numerical field propagation to model various transceiver and retroreflector geometries. We determine that asymmetric truncation of a curved wavefront at the retroreflector, transceiver, or both, results in a difference in tip/tilt between the transmitted and reflected wavefronts. This difference propagates as angle-of-arrival variation at the transceiver despite reciprocity, providing the error signal necessary for adaptive optics tip/tilt correction without a remote beacon.

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